Peer Review : Environmental Exposure to Breast Cancer: Study Narrative Review, How to Prevent in Indonesia?

Fikri, Elanda and Witsqa Firmansyah, Yura and Fadli Ramadhansyah, Muhammad and Widyantoro, Wahyu and Yulianto Pratama, Aziz and Widyawati, Ayu and Rachmawati, Ike and Muslyana, Muslyana and Sukaningtyas, Ramadani and Hendrawan, Danang and Ilma, Khaira and Nurany, Hanung and Yayank Lewinsca, Maurend and Rafika, Rafika and Laliyanto, Laliyanto (2021) Peer Review : Environmental Exposure to Breast Cancer: Study Narrative Review, How to Prevent in Indonesia? Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu (UAP) Lampung.

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Abstract

The environment is one of the factors in the epidemiological triad as the concept of the emergence of a disease, including breast cancer which is the global burden. Globally, WHO declared breast cancer to have 2.26 million new cases per year in 2020, with the mortality rate climbing to 685,000. In Indonesia, breast cancer has the highest incidence rate for women, with 1.4 per 1000 population in 2013 growing to 1.79 per 1000 people in 2018. This review aims to describe environmental exposure factors that have the potential to cause breast cancer. The review study used the narrative review method with a screening process of 28 articles used. Environmental exposures that become potential occurrences of breast cancer are divided into 4, exposure to pesticides, exposure to household chemicals, exposure to food packaging, and exposure to air pollution which have different pathophysiologies for each exposure. Exposure to chemicals such as DDE and DDT in pesticides that have been proven to be carcinogenic and are still used in Indonesia. Exposure to chemicals from household chemicals such as PCBs, Benzophenone, and Phthalates in some household appliances are also carcinogenic substances. The use of BPA, BaP, and 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo [4,5-B] pyridine in food packaging trigger breast cancer. Exposure to cigarette smoke or smoking behavior, consumption and evaporation of alcohol, as well as exposure to PM2.5 are air pollutants that are at risk of causing breast cancer. How to prevent it, we can use biopesticide, bioplastic, change a healthy lifestyle and replace fossil fuels into biofuels.

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